نشریه تاریخ شفاهی
سال چهارم شماره 1 (پیاپی 4، پاییز و زمستان 1395)

From 1383 until now, in all meetings of the Association of oral history, there has been an effort to create a proper basis to do oral history. In all, there has been insistence on this point because the source of oral history is the main asset for futures to choose the right the best of their time. The today historians, especially their specialists, have not believed in the validity of oral history extracts, the reflection of their views will lead to the ignorance of wettings in this field. In all courses and fields, methodological debates are placed above all issues regarding right writing and those who write rights. So oral history also should seek to establish the correct procedures which avoid us from doing things wrong. Methodological approach is the result of critical hilosophy which is based on method and content of sciences. Therefore, continuity and accountability of science to methodological questions, is a demonstration of the continuing need to maintain the right direction and to write correct things. History and oral history are not exceptions. In this article, detailed issues which have been provided in some articles and conferences are presented to interested researchers as some summarized points.

Collecting information about a family through oral history interviews is done in many ways.The importance of developing family history and also identification of practical methods will help so much in completing information and developing rich collections in this field. So, oral history plays a very important role in recording and developing history of families and knowing both of these two research fields will help us in doing projects of recording family history. This article reviews the background of developing family history in Iran and other countries and by introducing oral history as one of the modern methods of collecting information and explaining its role in developing family history, it will present different methods of developing family history through oral history interviews. The research method is fundamental-library and descriptive and analytical.

By studying the historical development of a multispecialty physician practice, students were able to see firsthand the incredible impact of the founders on the future of the organization and understand how the early culture and strategy of the organization set the stage for its successful future. Other findings involved the evolution of the organizational structure and incentive system, staff and recruiting policies, and the impact of the environment overtime. In addition, the use of oral history in the classroom proved to be an effective way of making management history come alive for students. Although designed to benefit students, the researchers found that the project provided an exciting learning experience that revealed numerous new research ideas and avenues to explore. This project was an invaluable learning experience for the students since it allowed them to witness the real world through the eyes of experienced practitioners. The students had the opportunity to talk with dynamic individuals who are successful business

Oral history is a new branch of historical research that its source is people and its reference is their sayings. In Iran architecture history branch there are many people who are familiar with Iranian architecture and can be a valuable resource for the history of architecture. Oral history resources have a long life as old as human life; but it will be gone very soon and its going is equal with losing a wealth of knowledge about it. Although the need to address these mortal resources in the architectural history studies and especially in the history of Iranian architecture is seemingly clear, but there has not been any serious rflection on this issue. This article is a research about the benefits of paying attention to the oral history resources in architecture history and possible achievements of oral history of Iranian architecture. Discussion about this issue requires an understanding of the usability of oral history. People working in the field of oral history have emphasized on various aspects of oral history and are tending toward two approaches in oral history. The main difference between these two approaches is on the usability of oral history. Of the two, one is seeking historical information from past events and leaders. Their impact as role models for the students was a strong subsidiary. Furthermore, an oral history such as this leaves a memorial that can be referenced for years to come by researchers, community historians, and the organization itself. The paper describes the oral history methodology and how the process was adapted to classroom learning. The purpose of this paper is to describe the use of oral history to teach students about management history and the implementation of principles of management during the evolution of an organization. This article is considered as a research paper.

Barbara Allen, Folklorist and Associate Professor of American Studies at the University of Notre Dame, has considered the relation of oral history and folklore in the article. She has defined folklore as "the creative expression of the everyday life of ordinary people" and oral history as "the method of collecting historical data" to establish a link between the two; that means "formatting historical experience in a creative way". According to these definitions, this issue implies the focus of oral history on "content" and folklore on "format" or "form". Accordingly, the historians always speak about "memory" and Folklorists about "story or narrative". This link also implies the fact oral history is not quite folklore in its words and folklore is not purely historical in content but this is the link between the two that keeps the "past" alive.

Shortly after the outbreak of the Iran-Iraq war, western experts and strategists have paid attention to this conflict and it has continued by notable achievements including more than sixty books and hundreds of articles and speeches. One of the most important issues in the mentioned research is to know methods of collecting and providing information from different sources, which is considered as one of the preliminary constitutes of criticism and analysis of the Western scholars views. Interviewing with witnesses and informants of the war events, which is called "oral history", is aways considered as one of the methods for collecting information which was considered by Western researchers based on the topic and the time of writing different works. This paper, which is written by analytical-descriptive method and direct use of the mentioned resources, has tried to consider the methods of western researchers and introduce most common methods regarding the published books in English from the beginning of the Western historiography to the current era.

Legal and ethical issues are often discussed sequentially within oral history, with the law understood as defining state-sanctioned rules for specific elements of practice and ethics as setting a higher standard for the right conduct of relationships within the broad context of an interview or project. Thus, in this essay legal and ethical issues within an overall historical framework will be discussed. Three stages in oral history’s evolution will be identified: its origins as an archival practice; its expansion as a means of democratizing both the historical record and the act of doing history, and its maturation as a complex intellectual and social practice. While these stages have occurred somewhat in succession over the past half century, they also overlap chronologically and conceptually. Discussion of the first stage is heavily weighted toward fundamental legal issues, for they are closely related to oral history’s archival origins; discussion of the second and third stages extends to broader ethical concerns.

Kalima (Captivity Memories of Dr. Hasanali Pourhasani from Siberia) is a book which is written about Iranian people who had been exiled to Siberia and is written in the form of memories. Description of naive thinking of Tudeh party supporters toward the Soviet Union and the contrast between its the imagined paradise of Soviet communism that these people have in mind in Iran and what they saw after their exile and living in the Soviet are presented in this book. Kalima book shows in a detailed and accurate manner the history of those who had been exiled and tortures inflicted on them in labor camps and later when living in the Soviet; these sections are considered as the strong points of this book. In this book, interesting and detailed information about the situation of the Siberian camps are presented; we cannot find such information in any other book. This book was published and released in the winter of 1394 by the National Library and Archives of I.R of Iran. Researcher and author of this book is Mr. Ali Derazi. Thorough review of this book shows that there are many

“Oral History of Islamic Revolution in Arak”, was written by Yousef Niknam in 1393, was published by the efforts of the Office of Culture and Stability Studies of Art Center, Markazi province. This book includes the following seven chapters: History of political activities in Arak from the Constitution to Islamic Revolution; Some people’s protests in Arak from 12871357; Islamic Revolution Calendar from the viewpoint of Etelaat and Keyhan Newspapers from (Mordad to Esfand, 1357); Oral memories of 13 active people of Islamic Revolution; Islamic Revolution Martyrs; Records, Images and resources. Oral history is a particular way of historical research its greatest reliance in recording the history is on the narrator's remarks. The focus of this research is oral memories of the oral history of Islamic Revolution in Arak, which involves thirteen narrations. The purpose is reviewing and analysis of these memories from two different viewpoints of interview and compilation, because these two views are inseparable from each other. The interviewer must be able to extract information which has been mistakes in this book, form failure to explain complex terms and places which need to be introduced to non-scientific introduction and preface and from numerous typographical errors and editorial problems to the poor quality of printing. These problems decrease readers’ motivation for reading the book and although many important historical facts are presented, the reader will prefer to forget reading the book. In this paper, some important and interesting facts of the book are presented at first and then some problem are mentioned to show that why such important memories like this should be written in this way.

Oral history as one of the research methods in contemporary history, which is dedicated to identifying and describing specific historical events based on hearsay and observations related to that specific event, plays an invaluable role in the fields of collection, preparation, storage and communication of the events related to the eight-years of Holy Defense and in completing and correcting information of that important event. Holy Defense Records and Documents Organization as the main body responsible for the affairs related to Holy Defense have considered this issue very closely in the recent years. In this article, objectives, procedures, main activities and achievements of the Holy Defense Records and Documents Organization will be introduced and discussed.

On Mordad 1395, a decree was discussed in the Cabinet regarding oral history training in ministries and other organizations of the country. In the coming years, the effects of this act will lead to recording of a huge part of oral data of ministries and organizations. The first incarnation of this legislation was “the workshop of oral history of ministries and other organizations” which was held by the efforts of the Oral History Group of Archives Research Institute with the participation of representatives of ministries and other organizations in four midday sessions.

Oral history is description and recognition of an event based on what have been seen and heard and done by the witnesses, observers and activists who were presented at the event. This issue is very important in foreign policy and different countries have put emphasis on this issue formally or academically and produced invaluable and documented works in the field of foreign policy and international relations. Iran's Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as the main entity in charge of external relations, has focused on recording oral histories of its respective body. The most important and most useful oral history objectives from the perspective of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in the field of foreign policy include: purposeful gathering of news and information from the unsaid, initiatives, bitter and sweet events during the mission, diplomatic valuable experiences, both positive and negative events in our relations with the governments of the world, in live format and in the form of memories said by diplomats, politicians, officials and foreign policy experts and preservation of them in the memory

Audio-visual Resource Group of the National Library and Archives of I.R of Iran with more than 20 years experience in oral history have carried out many interviews with different political, social and cultural features. Among these interviews, some interviews with the great features in manuscripts filed such as Abdol-Hossein Haeri, Abdollah Anvar, AliNaghi Monzavi and Ahmad Monzavi can be mentioned. In this paper, the interview with Abdol-Hossien Haeri, which had been done in the Bahman 12th, 1372, will be presents. In this interview, some issues such as taking the responsibility if the Parliament Library in a certain circumstances, acquiring qualification in knowing manuscripts, concerns for revival of Islamic-Iranian sciences, activities of the Council of Pricing (the Constituent Council), the origins of the resources of the Parliament Library and etc are addressed.